The art of managing direct reports

Before starting with IDinsight, I had only limited managerial experience–mostly managing field managers and survey teams. I certainly had not given much thought to management or how to do it in a meaningful way, beyond a general sense of wanting to get good work out of my team as well as keep them happy. Nor had I really had a stellar experience of being managed. I had a great academic committee, for example, but I couldn’t hold that up as the best way to manage people. And I have had an array of other less-than-fun managers, including micro-managers and credit-stealers, in orgs that didn’t put much value on spending time and effort on becoming a better manager. 

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I found it quite daunting, then, to find myself with one–and later more–direct reports in an organization that takes management, feedback, and professional development quite seriously (one of the things that makes IDinsight a fab place to work). (Note that the folks I manage are a few years out of undergrad, sometimes with a 1-year masters degree.) 

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I certainly talked to my direct reports every day (when I first started, there were only six of us sitting in a very open office, so it would have been quite hard to not talk to my direct report!) but it wasn’t enough: it neither (intentionally) set him up well to reflect on his work and his growth, nor set me up well to do performance reviews and other necessary things. 

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Early in my tenure with IDinsight, I had a very positive experience of working through the book Managing to Change the World one-on-one with a colleague with more management experience inside and outside IDinsight. One of the big takeaways from the book and our conversations was the usefulness of setting aside explicit time/space for non-project check-ins–no matter how much you already talk to discuss project work or chat informally. The book, my colleague, and other colleagues helped provide a lot of great ideas that I crowdsourced…

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…and then I found myself totally overwhelmed by the prospect of trying to remember all those good questions. 

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So, as has become my management habit/style over the past 1.5 years, I created a spreadsheet, with rows for topics on which I want to check-in regularly and columns for each week. This functions as a semi-structured interview guide as well as a recording device for me, so that I can look at previous notes and patterns as well as have notes when I need to fill out performance reviews (I also find completing performance reviews very daunting and still struggle with recording peak areas and challenge areas on a daily or weekly basis!).

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At first, I worried it would seem too rigid, if I had my laptop out during our chats and was obviously reminding myself of the questions I wanted to ask and typing down notes. But overall, this seems not to have been a major problem. And, actually, have heard from my direct reports that they like knowing some of the questions I’ll ask in advance, so that they can reflect on them before we meet.

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The system is certainly not perfect and is continuously updated. But one good sign (I think) is that my direct reports have started using a similar system with their direct reports (Field Managers, who are awesomely permanent staff at IDinsight) and use some of the questions that i generated and that they particularly like.

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Although i created the initial set of questions, over the weeks and months, some have been dropped and others have been suggested and added (e.g.“Heather, will you please check in with me about X each week to help hold me more accountable to it?”).

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One thing I have definitely learned over the past 1.5 years is that attempting to be a good manager takes time (and effort). These non-project check-ins, which we do weekly on Monday mornings or early afternoons (I strive for ‘management Mondays’), take about an hour and usually result in about 15 – 30 minutes of follow-up work based on the conversation (sending a paper I promised during our check-in, delivering a shout-out to someone I’ve discovered helped on our project in some unseen way, etc). I’ve had to learn to budget in that follow-up time so that the rest of my schedule isn’t thrown off.  

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Below are the questions I currently aim to ask every week, though we don’t always make it through all of them (which I think is ok); as noted above, it should be considered a semi-structured interview guide to help have a conversation on important topics that can easily be elided in favor of easier small talk or in favor of focusing strictly on the project work. As much as possible, my goal is to help raise important issues — but give my direct reports a chance to come with ideas of how to tackle those issues. Theoretically, this is good professional development for them and, ideally and honestly, a little less work for me! 

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Hope this post is useful to some other folks who are attempting to figure out how to be a good manager, despite not necessarily having had one before or not having worked in an organization that took it seriously before. The questions below reflect IDinsight’s focus on professional development, organizational contribution, mission-focus, and values — as well as things stolen from the aforementioned management book.

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Feedback is, as always, welcome — particularly if you try out this list of questions and want to share your experience or, especially, if you have a go-to check-in question that works well for you!

  • Are you keeping healthy/well?
  • Are you happy and motivated? Really? Why/not?
  • What is the best thing that happened over the weekend?
  • What are two things that will make this a successful week for you?
  • What’s the toughest thing coming up this week? Anything that would make you feel more confident about tackling it?
  • Is there one tweak we could make that would make this a more manageable week?
  • Did it feel like you had roughly the right amount of work / working hours last week? Does it feel like you are working at a sustainable pace? On sustainable topics? (What would be sustainable to you?)
    • Reflecting back on last week, how many nights, if any, did you lose sleep over work?
  • Last week you were worried about [X] as the toughest thing coming up. How did it go? What worked and what could have been improved?
  • What is one new thing you learned or did last week related to professional development? (Here sometimes i probe for lessons related to written and oral communication, management, organizational development — folks have a gut tendency to equate professional development only with coding, even though technical proficiency is only one of our six performance review categories.)
  • What is one new thing you learned or did last week related to technical professional development?
  • Did this week throw up any gaps that you feel in your technical and professional development? Any thoughts on how we might address these?
  • What is one professional development task or goal you feel you did not achieve last week? How might you be able to fit it in in the following week?
  • Did you try any new strategies to manage your time or engage in deep work last week? Were these successful? Why or why not? What might you try this week?
  • What was the most interesting or helpful piece of feedback or advice you received last week?
  • Which aspect of your work gave you the most joy or fulfilment last week?
  • Is there that I could have done this past week to better support or coach you? What could I have done differently?
  • Do you feel like there is anything else you could be contributing to organizational growth and development that you are currently not (but would be interested in doing)?
  • Do you feel like we influenced any decisions, actions & social impact last week? What worked or didn’t in that process?

Checking-in during “field” work

It is not easy to transition from ‘researcher doing-the-data-collection‘ to supervisor of this sort of work, sending someone else to do the work. Especially, when that is part of the reasons you got into the business in the first place–perhaps especially for qual researchers (?).
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Even though I check-in by phone at least once a week and text/slack often with my direct reports, it still feels insufficient. Those interactions only focus on one or two urgent topics. Phone calls can also be hampered by poor connections, background noise, and other distractions. Meanwhile, the weekly written updates I receive often focus too squarely on just-the-numbers, showing me what activities and outputs happened. I get tables of households or schools reached for first interviews or spot-checks relative to our goals. Important–but I want more!
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Reporting of only activities and outputs achieved means I often miss some of the really important stuff (whether important to me, to my direct report, or both). I also fail to get a flavor of ‘the field,’ with implications, inter alia, for later analysis and sense-making.
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Structured written notes from my direct reports also means they get limited practice / professional development in writing field notes. My background in anthropology deems this imperative for proper social science. (I should note that while I have tried making a good practice of doing field notes myself, many bosses never seemed interested in reading them. This was always a bummer. However, my parents have been avid readers.)
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Finally, vocal check-ins can make it difficult for my direct reports to provide tough upward feedback. Feedback that can improve how I support them and the project.
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For all these reasons, I am going to trial a system of more (semi-)structured written feedback during data collection. Note that this does not replace our informal chats and texts, nor our weekly non-project check-ins. However, I hope that it:
(a) Makes my direct reports to create time/space to reflect on the data collection week and
(b) Lessens with feelings of loneliness and under-appreciation while in ‘the field.’
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Through a lot of internal crowd-sourcing from IDinsight folks, I have created a new system (one of the great things about working at IDinsight is how seriously we take good management, our values, and our mission — so people are brimming with good ideas!). The ‘system’ is a spreadsheet with questions/topics for my direct report to reflect on, a weekly column for them to fill in and a column for my responses. For now, I have budgeted 30 minutes to review and respond to this weekly. I hope the sheet will keep things organized and make it easier to spot trends in the field team’s ‘mood’.
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I will provide an update on this but in the meantime, I welcome thoughts from everyone.
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One idea from my colleagues that I have not decided to take up yet, was a daily written update focused on three key reflective questions. This was to be answered at the close of the day. Hopefully it wouldn’t add too much time and effort to what is already usually long and tiring day. The key reflective questions were:
1. What did I do today?
2. What do I plan to do tomorrow?
3. What am I concerned about /what challenge am I confronting?
For now, I am focusing on the weekly written update. It is longer and will hopefully provide an opportunity for sharing a holistic picture of the field experience. This is still a beta list, so we’ll see how it goes. I am encouraged by the early, enthusiastic crowdsourcing from IDinsight’s leadership and associates.
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Bearing the beta-ness in mind, please find the inaugural questions below. Please share any questions you have found powerful for creating good fieldwork and happy colleagues. Of course, in some weeks, the answers to these questions may be “N/A.” The benefit for keeping them is, to show that I care. I am always open to hearing if something went wrong or was scary or troubling in the field.
1. How is team morale (provide at least one piece of evidence to support that claim)?
2. How is your morale and energy? Roughly how many hours did you work last week and how do you feel about that? What is one non-project/work thing you were able to do this week?
3. Provide a brief update on your own and your field manager’s professional development — what is something new learned on-the-job this week and/or a gap in (tech or soft) skills that we should address?
4. What is one thing the field managers did exceptionally well this week? Did either of you face any specific challenges?
5. Across the whole field team (from enumerators on up), what is one example of an organizational value-in-action that you have seen or heard about?
6. What is the most inspiring thing that happened this week? (that you saw or heard from the field team) that relates to our mission of driving action and social impact?
7. What was the funniest thing that happened this week (that you saw or heard from the field team)?
8. What is your favorite photo you or a member of the team took this week? Please share and explain why it was your favorite.
9. What was the most interesting thing that happened in the field this week (that you saw or heard from the field team)?
10. What was the most disappointing and/or scariest thing that happened in the field this week that you saw or heard from the field team)? (If scary, does any action need to be taken?)
11. How was respondent and gatekeeper/stakeholder morale this week? (h/t @urmy_shukla for this idea!)
12. What is one mistake or misstep that happened in the field this week? What changes will you make to help guard against it happening again?
13. What is one change, if any, the field team will make before starting work next week?
14. Any budget surprises this week?
15. Any implementer interactions or observations about which we should be aware? How is the morale of the implementation team?
16. Are there any things that [we, supervisors] need to do or prioritize in the coming week to support field work?